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How Many Anime Fans Are There In The World

Written By Thursday, May 26, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Fan community

Anime and manga fandom (otherwise known as fan community) is a worldwide community of fans of anime and manga. Anime includes animated series, films and videos, while manga includes manga, graphic novels, drawings and related artworks. The anime and manga fandom traces back to the 1970s,[1] with numerous countries such as the United States, France, Italia, Spain, Germany, Japan and Malaysia participating in information technology.

Otaku [edit]

Otaku is a Japanese term for people with obsessive interests, including anime or manga. In its original context, the term otaku is derived from a Japanese term for another's business firm or family unit ( お宅, otaku), which is as well used as an honorific second-person pronoun. The mod slang form, which is distinguished from the older usage by being written but in hiragana (おたく) or katakana (オタク or, less oft, ヲタク), or rarely in rōmaji, appeared in the 1980s. In the anime Macross, first aired in 1982, the term was used past Lynn Minmay as an honorific term.[2] [3] Information technology appears to have been coined by the humorist and essayist Akio Nakamori in his 1983 series An Investigation of "Otaku" ( 『おたく』の研究 , "Otaku" no KenkyÅ« ), printed in the lolicon magazine Manga Burikko. Animators like Haruhiko Mikimoto and Shōji Kawamori used the term among themselves as an honorific second-person pronoun since the tardily 1970s.[three] After its wild spread usage past other Japanese people, however, it became pejorative and increasingly offensive in the 1990s, implying that a person is socially inept. Otaku can be seen every bit existence like to the English terms geek or nerd.

Nonetheless, the term started to be used past anime and manga fans themselves again starting in the 2000s, in a more than full general and positive mode, and today information technology is often used past those outside of the fandom to refer to fans of anime or manga. Nevertheless, older generation otaku, like Otaking (King of Otakus) Toshio Okada, in his volume Otaku Wa Sude Ni Shindeiru (オタクはすでに死んでいる) said the newer generation of self-proclaimed otakus are not existent otakus, as they lack the passion and research sense into a item sub-culture subject field, and are simply mutual fans which only over spent in ownership products.

[edit]

Anime and manga fandom traces dorsum to at least the 1970s when fans of the serial Infinite Battleship Yamato banded together to go it back on the air after it stopped ambulation on Japanese telly.[1] In Japan, anime and manga are referred to collectively as the content industry: anime, video games, manga, and other related trade are different types of media focused around the aforementioned content.[iv]

English language-language fan communities [edit]

The fan community in the English-speaking world began in the 1970s and steadily grew. According to Japanophile Fred Patten, the very showtime fan club devoted to Japanese animation was the Cartoon/Fantasy Organization, which began in Los Angeles in 1977.[5] Its growth characterized by waves that Gilles Poitras too as Bruce Lewis and Cathy Sterling proper name as specific "generations", often instigated by a singular work.[6]

In the Philippines, GMA-seven began airing Voltes V in 1978. It was the first exposure of Filipinos to Japanese animation. Voltes 5 before long became very popular between children all around the Philippines which led to the sudden popularity of other anime series' related to the Super Robot genre in the Philippines. Information technology was soon banned in 1979 by then president Ferdinand Marcos, four episodes earlier the cease of the serial, along with the other anime serial' airing at the time, supposedly for its violence and warlike themes. This however, did not hinder the Filipinos' growing dearest of anime, leading to the large popularity of anime and manga throughout the Philippines.[seven]

Poitras identifies the first generation as the "Astro Boy Generation". Despite beingness the first and nigh pop blithe Japanese television series, Astro Boy did non create many hardcore fans, but it exposed viewers to the medium and increased their receptivity towards it afterward. The "Early Fans" or "Old Timers" generation that consumed titles like Speed Racer, 8th Human, and Battle of the Planets as staples. These fans were much more than aware that what they were consuming was Japanese and took the initiative to search for more than. The "Yamato" or "Star Blazers" generation originating from the serial Space Battleship Yamato that originally aired in 1979–80. Poitras states that this generation was and then loyal because Star Blazer's strong narration required viewers to never miss an episode. The Poitras dubs the next generation the "Robotech Generation", after the 1985 television serial Robotech, is the earliest major generation in the USA and is distinguished past fans clearly recognizing anime as a Japanese production with pregnant differences from American animation. Fans from this generation and the Yamato Generation were to make up the significant portion of organized fandom throughout the 1980s. The film Akira, which played in art theaters in December 1989, produced a cult post-obit that Poitras names the "Akira Generation". Akira inspired some to movement on to other works but stalled many condign an isolated work in their eyes, overshadowing the creative context of anime and manga it represented.[6]

And then in the 1990s, Poitras states that "something new happened in the U.Due south.", the "Sailor Moon Generation" was born. Previous generations consisted more often than not of college age fans, however in 1995 Sailor Moon was adapted into English and caught the attention of people even equally immature as course school in age, many of them female. In the bridge of a few months, the fan demographic changed dramatically and as their interests diversified, so did the titles adapted into English. Poitras, Lewis and Sterling describe current generation of fans as the "Otaku Generation", however not necessarily applying the discussion "otaku" to electric current fans. For this generation, the release of a title onto the television in the past was unusual enough that fans ofttimes remember their first anime experience as something special. Poitras remarked that as of the "Otaku Generation", the influx of fans into the fandom is better characterized by a continuous stream than equally waves equally it was in the past.[half-dozen] [ page needed ]

In the United States, the fan community began every bit an offshoot of science fiction fan community, with fans bringing imported copies of Japanese manga to conventions.[8] Before anime began to be licensed in the U.S., fans who wanted to become a concur of anime would leak copies of anime movies and subtitle them, thus mark the outset of fansubs. Past 1994, anime had become more common in the U.South., and had begun being translated into English and shown on tv set, nigh normally shōnen series such as Pokémon and Astro Male child.[6]

Marathon viewing sessions of Japanese anime idiot box series have been a common trend in anime fandom for decades, dating dorsum to the late 1970s to 1980s.[nine] [10] According to an early on American anime cosplayer, Karen Schnaubelt, Japanese anime were "incredibly difficult to come up past" with "goose egg available except broadcast TV until" VHS videotapes became commonly bachelor in the late 1970s, allowing fans to import anime shows from Japan; she noted that a friend "would record the episodes" so "a group of us would get together at his apartment and sentry a marathon of the episodes."[10] At comic conventions and sci-fi conventions in the 1980s, fans brought video tapes to hold marathon anime screenings; BayCon 1986, for case, held an lxxx-hour long anime marathon.[9]

According to Mike Tatsugawa, the founder and CEO of the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Blitheness, the kickoff milestone for anime in the U.S. was in the 1980s with the advent of the Internet. With the Cyberspace, fans were able to more hands communicate with each other and thus better able to exchange fan-subtitled tapes and higher quality versions of anime.[11] Some experts, such as Susan Napier, a Professor of Japanese Linguistic communication and Literature, say that Akira marked the showtime milestone.[12] Still, most experts hold that the next milestone was in 1992 when U.Due south. Renditions, a film importer, released the outset English language-subtitled anime videotape that yr, entitled Gunbuster. According to Tatsugawa, the success of Gunbuster triggered a flurry of releases.[11]

Due to the localization process, many people who grew up watching anime did so not realizing that it originated in Japan. After the success of Power Rangers (which first aired in 1993), U.Due south. television receiver companies began broadcasting Sailor Moon and Dragon Brawl Z in 1995 and 1996 respectively. Even so, due to the relative failure of the latter two (both shows brought success when aired at a later time on Cartoon Network), anime did not seem like it would get mainstream.[four] However, the anime boom in the U.South. began with the airing of the anime series Pokémon [4] in syndication in 1998, which served as proof to U.S. broadcasters and distributors that Japanese media could succeed in the U.Due south. market. Information technology was only after Pokémon and Power Rangers left the mainstream that U.S. audiences became aware of anime's Japanese origins.[4]

Anime streaming outlets in the U.s. [edit]

In the Us at that place are multiple streaming outlets that fans can utilize to view anime and manga, while too being able to connect with those communities. One such outlet is Crunchyroll, a streaming service that lets users view pop anime from the past and new anime episodes released to the website. Crunchyroll was created in 2006 as a distribution outlet for anime. Crunchyroll has since evolved into becoming something more for fans in the anime community. They have added an addition to their website that allows anime and manga fans to go news about anime releases, events, and topics related to the customs. This has also evolved to the creation of the Crunchyroll Expo. This exposition is a large scale event in San Jose, CA that allows anime and manga fans to connect. The streaming service too features a store where you lot tin buy anime related products such as: figures, Japanese snacks, clothes, posters, video games and manga.

In addition, another streaming service inside the United states of america is Funimation. Similar to Crunchyroll, Funimation allows you lot to view newly released anime while also offering a store with products like to Crunchyroll. Funimation's website also has a section created for events related to anime and manga that allows their members to connect at the local and national level. There is likewise a web log section that allows those with an account on Funimation to connect with other fans and talk about their favorite, or possibly even to the lowest degree favorite, anime and episode.

Mass streaming services like Netflix and Prime number Video have too expanded into licensing and distributing anime since the early-2010s.

European fan communities (France, Italian republic, Spain and Frg) [edit]

In the 1970s, Japanese Animation reached Europe mainly with productions aimed at European and Japanese children with the main results being Heidi, Vicky the Vicking and Barbapapa. However, these works were non recognized as Japanese productions and did not earn much of a dedicated fanbase. Italian republic, Spain and France, withal, grew an involvement for more Japanese animation for their television programming, due to success of previous co-productions, Japan's productive output and cheap selling price in comparison to The states animation.[13] Particularly Italy imported the well-nigh anime exterior of Japan.[14] Like in the Philippines, the Super Robot Genre became very popular with serial such as UFO Robot Grendizer and Mazinger Z. However many more genres got added to the mix, with space opera such as Captain Harlock, shojo shows similar Candy Candy and Rose of Versailles, sports like Helm Tsubasa and more. Germany however largely rejected Anime other than western literature adaptations of Nippon Animation, with Speed Racer and Captain Future proving to be problematic. It was simply during the rise of cable tv set during the '90s that Japanese serial such as Queen Millennia, and Rose of Versailles went on air. A strong affinity for unique Japanese productions was adult amidst a generation of German language children during this menstruation.[15]

Fan communities in Malaysia [edit]

Studies of fan beliefs focused more on big fan activities or conventions in the past and transitioned toward from fan communities to individual fans. There are four conventions in urban areas of Malaysia: Kota Kinabalu, Sabah; Kuching, Sarawak; Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. They are held iv times annually between December 2012 and Baronial 2013. According to the survey, at that place are nigh 585 people who regularly attend these conventions. Half of the respondents were aged 18–22 equally of 2013 with equal numbers of both genders. More than half of the respondents were student and all respondents were consumers of Japanese media object. Although those iv conventions did not officially denote that their event is mainly Japanese popular culture, majority of people were fans of Japanese popular culture. Their main purpose of attending these conventions were to encounter new/old friends, to have fun, and to cosplay. They regularly attend these conventions to keep their fan communities active.[16]

Demographics [edit]

Age [edit]

In a nationwide survey held in 2018 by Dentsu, 64.iii% of Japanese individuals amongst the 20-29 age group responded that they are highly interested in anime, while the corresponding figure for those aged 15–19 was 72.4%, 56% anile 30–39, 48.4% aged 40–49, 38.7% anile 50–59.[17]

Gender [edit]

In the early days of the fandom information technology was predominantly male.[18] : 55

An belittling survey held by Forbes in 2014 revealed that one-half of Due north American anime convention attendees are female.[xix]

Appeal of anime and manga [edit]

1 major appeal of anime is its artwork; some fans claim that its visual quality is superior to that institute in most animated serial made in the The states[11] and many ignore all non-Japanese animation. I fan described enjoying anime because "there is no dividing line between special effects and what is real...it'due south but the way somebody imagined it". The content editor of Anime Fringe, Holly Kolodziejczak, described being amazed by anime's depth that was unlike the cartoons she had seen before: "the characters had real personalities, their own feelings and motivations for their actions, strengths and flaws that enhanced their characters. They were more similar real people, and thus people could much more readily identify with them."[20] Larry Green of Nausicaa.cyberspace agreed and added that anime discusses subjects for both adults and children whereas in the Us blitheness is traditionally for children. He also stated that any viewer would be able to detect something to their liking due to anime'due south large scale of production.[21]

Susan J. Napier, a Professor of Japanese Language and Literature, stated that anime fans "find refuge in a civilisation that diverges from the typical American way of life." She pointed out that fascination with Japanese civilization is not a new concept and has existed since the mid-19th century. For example, an 1876 painting by Claude Monet entitled La Japonaise depicts Monet's wife wearing a kimono, with Japanese hand fans shown in the groundwork. Napier described this interest in Japan as an "escape from the Industrial Revolution ... a pastoral utopia" for many Europeans.[12]

Fan service [edit]

Fan service is material in a series which is intentionally added to please the audience. Although fan service unremarkably refers to sexually provocative scenes,[22] it also refers more by and large to events of little plot value designed to excite viewers or simply brand them accept notice, such as large explosions and battle scenes.[23] When anime and manga are translated into English past U.S. companies, the original work is often edited to remove some of the fan service to brand it more appropriate for U.S. audiences. Mike Tatsugawa explained this change as a result of a difference betwixt cultural values of Japan and the U.S.[6] [eleven] In fact, some anime seem to feature little else other than fan service equally their selling betoken.[24] Some believe that the prevalence of fan service indicates a lack of maturity within the fandom; an editor of Del Rey Manga joked that manga Negima!, which contained fan service, should be rated every bit "for immature readers 16+" rather than for "mature readers 16+".[22]

Fan labor [edit]

Dōjin [edit]

Dōjin are fan-fabricated creation that are often bought and sold through dōjin events. Dōjin consists of doujinshi (doujin magazine, could be manga, novel, or essay), doujinsoft (doujin games and software), doujin music, and doujin anime. Dōjin events aim to aid creators distribute manga commercially without the need for a publisher. The oldest and largest dōjin event worldwide is Comic Market, more commonly known as Comiket.[25] The Comiket 97 fair (December 2019) in Tokyo, Japan totaled approximately 750,000 visitors.[26]

Learning about Japan [edit]

Language [edit]

Anime and manga have stimulated many immature people to learn the Japanese language. In the 1970s, Naoka Takaya's Saskatoon Japanese Language School was founded with a student torso consisting of primarily Japanese-Canadians interested in polishing their language skills for their render to Nippon.[27] However, popularity for the language began to rise; the Japanese Language Proficiency Test was starting time held in 1984 in response to growing demand for standardized Japanese language certification.[28] Yuki Sasaki, who works for the Japanese linguistic communication plan at the University of Georgia, noted that when she first started in the program in 1994, almost students were interested in Japanese for internal business majors; however, in 2004, students are more than interested in "translating Japanese pop-song lyrics and talk excitedly most the Japanese anime character Sakura Kinomoto from Cardcaptor Sakura."[29] Echoing this sentiment, Takaya also stated that nearly lx% of her students are studying Japanese because of anime.[27]

Despite some fansubbers declaring (due to fansubbing's illegality) that they volition stop distribution once a series is licensed, many fansubbed versions of anime are produced because of the stiff localization process in official translations.[4] According to ane survey but 9% of fans prefer dubbing over subs; some fans believe that the localization process degrades the quality of anime and thus look to fansubs for the purer form of Japanese culture, feeling that something is lost in translation.[4] Most hardcore fans are motivated past the desire not to miss the jokes and puns nowadays in Japanese anime and manga.[27] In fact, most people interested in anime limited at least a passing desire to learn Japanese, but usually choose not to, due to either fourth dimension constraints or rumours virtually the difficulty involved in learning Japanese.[4] Japanese terms are then well integrated into the anime and manga fan civilisation that during a Fanime convention, a newcomer expressed defoliation at some of the announcements because she was unable to understand the Japanese words used.[4] Equally fans go more than practiced at Japanese; they often also get more than critical toward the quality of various translations; some critique the different translations of a single series by different fansub groups.[four]

Some fans even decide to interpret professionally. In fact, fluent English speakers who know sufficient Japanese are often preferred for translating over fluent Japanese speakers who know sufficient English, as the syntax of the latter grouping tends to be stiff. Del Rey Manga's editor finds much of their talent through conventions.[30]

  • Japanese language in Australia
Research most Japanese linguistic communication in Northwood and Thomson 2012, The Japan Foundation 2011 and 2013 tells united states of america that many people are motivated to learn the Japanese language due to interest in Japanese popular culture. People who are not formally studying Japanese but identify themselves as Japanese popular culture are ignored. However, the report in East Asian Journal of Pop Culture by Sumiko lida and William S. Armour propose the contrary. Their 2016 study results show that people's involvement and motivation to consume Japanese popular civilisation products does not lead them to become formal Japanese language education. Their goal was to observe the correlation of Australian fans of anime and manga with the Japanese pop culture products. The results were 47.seven (n=118) percent of the people who had some sort of Japanese education indicated that they got the motivation to learn through anime and manga. But 66.3 (132 out of 199) pct of people who said they had no prior education in Japanese also showed motivation to learn Japanese in the future. While there are still optimism about Japanese pop civilisation fans' would increment the number of people who wants to learn Japanese linguistic communication, the bodily data seems to contradict.[31]
  • Manga and anime in the Secondary English language classroom
Teaching anime text in an English language classroom setting is something to be experimented to encounter how information technology shapes the relationship between teachers and students. Manga and anime texts are new in Western education. Australian state of New South Wales implemented manga and anime texts in their secondary English class and the results were unlike depending on how much students are interested in manga and anime. Students who were interested in manga and anime and called themselves 'big fans" showed very very high level of enthusiasm in class. Students showed significant and emotive level of appointment in course. Students were able to share their thoughts in manga and anime texts in their English classroom. Difference arose when a student was not interested in manga and anime texts. Frank in the experiment argued that it did not capture the bulk of students to be interest in manga and anime texts. Having few students who are interested in manga and anime out of 30 students which is the average course sizes is not a majority. This results shows that implementing manga and anime texts would be unlike depending on the student.[32]

Culture [edit]

Anime and manga have also inspired many immature people to learn about Japanese culture, and the anime fan community in fact encourages people to do so. Fans often learn about Japanese honorifics from anime and manga. Companies such as Del Rey Manga and GoComi add explanatory notes describing honorifics and other words and concepts that do non interpret well between languages.[22]

Engineering and the Cyberspace [edit]

Developments on the Internet have had profound effects on the anime fan community and the style in which anime is consumed. Additionally, fan interest in anime has inspired many developments in technology.[4] Roughly 68% of fans obtain anime through downloading from the Internet or through their friends, a much larger proportion than in any other medium.[4] As a effect, anime fans have fabricated some of the most sophisticated advances in peer-to-peer software in order to make searching for and downloading anime online faster.[4] Other fans have created websites that uses a custom server to search the Internet for video mirrors and new episodes, similar to search engines on how they crawl each website and saves the data gathered to the database. The search engine keeps every episodes up to date.[33] VirtualDub, a video capture and processing utility, was offset created for use on an anime motion-picture show adaptation of Sailor Moon.[34] The desire to simulate all forms of media that anime and manga comes in has caused PyTom to create Ren'Py, an open-source software engine that allows for the cosmos of visual novels without the need for a programming background.[35] Anime fans have also developed image upscaling tools, some using Artificial intelligence. Examples of such tools are waifu2x, Bigjpg and Anime4K. The Combined Community Codec Pack (CCCP, a play on the initials of the former Soviet Union) was originally created for the playback of anime fansubs.

Several online communities have been formed where fans tin come together to share and interact. Sites that offer file sharing services are pop and influential where people can proceeds easy access to anime and manga. Fandom has likewise resulted in the creation of anime and manga fan communities on sites where people can share fan art, one of the most common ways for fans to express their love of anime.[35] These communities tend to do more than than just share files. Like well-nigh forums on the Internet, they hash out topics that they are interested in and desire to know more about. These anime forums are becoming places for people to discuss the plot, characters, and styles of anime and manga.[36] Since the 2010s, many anime fans have begun widely using social media platforms like YouTube, Facebook, Reddit[37] and Twitter (which has added an entire "anime and manga" category of topics)[38] [39] to discuss and follow the latest news of their favorite anime and manga series.

Sightseeing in Japan [edit]

Display cases featuring typical Japanese anime and manga figurines in Akihabara

Many anime fans dream of one mean solar day visiting Nippon.[40] A large number of well-known travel agencies from Nippon have begun offering anime tours.[41] In 2003, the company Pop Japan Travel was founded to aid customers experience Nihon's content industry (including anime, games, food, and fashion) by allowing them to visit studios and encounter artists, amid other activities.[42] Many dissimilar museums dedicated to the industry be throughout Japan, such as the Suginami Animation Museum in Tokyo and the Tezuka Osamu Manga Museum in the Hyogo Prefecture. Other popular locations include places where people tin relish anime-related activities, such equally shopping for related merchandise or singing anime theme songs. Additionally, fans relish visiting existent-life locations that serve every bit settings for some anime, and locations where live-action movies were filmed.[43] For example, the popularity of Lucky Star brought many of its fans to the real-life settings of the anime, beginning in Apr 2007.[44]

Places to Visit for Anime and Manga Fans

  • Akihabara: A pop location for anime fans to visit is Akihabara, located in Tokyo. Known equally the Electric Town, it is a major shopping surface area where people tin buy manga, anime, and other contrasted otaku merchandise.[45] The Tokyo Anime Center is 1 of the near pop spots in Akihabara, where a diverse set of events have place, such as the display of new anime films, related exhibitions, talk shows featuring vocalization actors, and public recordings of radio programs.[43]
  • The Gundam Base Tokyo: A store themed afterward the Gundam franchise. Information technology opened on August 19, 2017, replacing Gundam Front Tokyo at Diver Urban center Tokyo Plaza in Odaiba. There is Life-Sized Unicorn Gundam Statue(RX-0) which transforms every hr from Unicorn Mode to Destroy Manner.
  • Ghibli Museum: A museum showcasing the work of the Japanese animation studio Studio Ghibli. Located in Inokashira Park in Mitaka, it combines features of a children's museum, technology museum, and a fine arts museum. In addition to that, information technology includes replica of the Catbus from My Neighbor Totoro (1988), a café, bookstore, rooftop garden, and a theater for exclusive short films produced by Studio Ghibli.
  • Kyoto International Manga Museum: Located in Kyoto, Japan, the museum includes approximately 250,000 pieces in its collection which includes Edo period prints, pre-war magazines, classic post-war manga, and popular mod serial. The museum regularly hosts events throughout the week that includes letting visitors watch manga artists work, pay for a consultation on their own cartoon skills, and have their portrait fatigued.
  • Otome Road: Otome Road is a major shopping and cultural eye for anime and manga aimed at women and girls in Tokyo. Companies hold cosplay events effectually the surface area and retailers stock manga and anime that has a heavy focus on the Yaoi genre.
  • Universal Studios Japan: Universal Studies has locations around the globe with their Japanese location including Super Nintendo World. This expanse of the amusement park has a primary focus on the Mario franchise with the ready blueprint transporting you into the world.

Notable anime and manga fans [edit]

  • Elon Musk[46]
  • Ariana Grande
  • Megan Play a joke on
  • Brennan Williams
  • Evgenia Medvedeva
  • Jungkook
  • V
  • Kirsten Dunst[47]
  • John Boyega
  • Pharrell Williams
  • Kanye West[48]
  • John Cena
  • Samuel L. Jackson
  • Tobias Maguire
  • Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud
  • Leonard DiCaprio
  • Zachary Efron
  • Terry Crews
  • Robin Williams
  • Malik Obama
  • Volition Smith
  • Robert Pattinson
  • Masi Oka
  • Daniel Radcliffe
  • Ibrahima Konate

See besides [edit]

  • Anime lodge
  • Anime convention
  • Cosplay
  • Science fiction fandom
  • Editing of anime in American distribution
  • Japanese pop culture in the U.s.
  • Japanophilia
  • ACG (subculture)

References [edit]

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  31. ^ Lida, Sumiko (April 2019). "The voices of adult anime/'manga' fans in Australia: motivations, consumption patterns and intentions to learn the Japanese language". Eastward Asian Journal of Popular Culture. 5 (ane) – via Gale Academic Onefile.
  32. ^ Cheung, Kelly (August one, 2017). "'Big fans', 'Experts', and those 'In need of a challenge': Instructor attitudes to 'manga and anime kids' in the Secondary English classroom". English language in Australia. 52 (two) – via Gale OneFile.
  33. ^ Anime Eater: We Eat Anime Archived 2011-01-17 at the Wayback Machine, an example of an alphabetize of anime episodes online.
  34. ^ "VirtualDub history". Archived from the original on July 20, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  35. ^ a b Lin, Maria (December 2005). "Returning the Dearest: Three Fans Taking the Adjacent Footstep". Anime Fringe. Archived from the original on 2010-12-06. Retrieved 2009-05-16 .
  36. ^ Aboxcafe: Your Amusement Forum Archived 2021-01-21 at the Wayback Machine, an example forum that does more than share files.
  37. ^ "/r/Anime". Reddit.
  38. ^ "Twitter trending topics: How they work and how to utilize them". Sprout Social. 15 March 2021.
  39. ^ "Jujutsu Kaisen Tops Squid Game, Wandavision in Social Media's 2021 Discussions". CBR. nine December 2021.
  40. ^ Luscik, Josephy (July 2005). "Joey Goes Tokyo: Week 1". Anime Fringe. Archived from the original on 2009-07-11. Retrieved 2009-05-sixteen .
  41. ^ "Tours in Nihon". digi-escape. Archived from the original on March 12, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  42. ^ "Near: Pop Nippon Travel". Digital Manga. Archived from the original on 2009-04-13.
  43. ^ a b "Visit Anime Spots". Att.JAPAN (45): 9. March 2009. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved April 28, 2009.
  44. ^ "Lucky Star otaku invade the oldest shrine in Kantō. The locals: It'southward a problem of security" (in Japanese). Sankei Shimbun. July 25, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007. [ permanent dead link ] Alt URL Archived 2009-06-21 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ "Tokyo Run across & Practise Guide: Akihabara". Professional Travel Guide. Archived from the original on 2009-07-15.
  46. ^ Jagannath, Rohan. "Elon Musk mentions his favorite anime shows and movies". www.sportskeeda.com . Retrieved 2022-03-02 .
  47. ^ "BTS & 9 Other Celebrities Who Are Huge Anime Fans". CBR. 13 March 2021.
  48. ^ "20 Celebrities That Like Anime – Elon Musk, Zac Efron, and more". Famous People Today. xi December 2021.

External links [edit]

  • An online forum dedicated to anime and manga in general
  • Daily anime recommendations, quotes and life lessons

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime_and_manga_fandom

Posted by: leewelinigh.blogspot.com

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